Aluminum oxide (Al2O3, CAS number 1344-28-1), known as alumina, is one of the most frequent metal oxides used in industry due to its abundance in nature and low-cost production. Alpha (α), Beta (β) and gamma (ƴ) are the most well-known phase modifications of aluminum oxide.

γ-Al2O3 is used as a carrier of catalysts and a desiccant in processes of chemical and petrochemical production owing to its high surface area with open porosity and relatively stable over the temperature range of interest for most catalytic reactions. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles can also serve as additives to concrete mixtures, cosmetics, and textile industries. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles have also been used as antibacterial agent for biomedical purposes. Owing to its electrical resistance, aluminum oxide scaffold is beneficial for suppressing charge recombination, preventing moisture penetration, and increasing the thickness of light absorber layer in perovskite solar cells.

Alumina nanoparticles, mainly in α-and γ-forms, have been widely applied in adsorption-based applications because of their interesting properties such as high specific surface area (SSA), mechanical and thermal stability, inertness to most acids and alkalis, good electrical and chemical resistance in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres up to 1000 °C, electrical insulation, high melting points, as well as being non-toxic and low-cost.

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