Aluminum zinc oxide (CAS number 952185-00-1), widely known by its abbreviation AZO, is a conducting metal oxide. Due to its high transparency in the visible light region, aluminum zinc oxide is often used as a transparent conducting layer for solar cells, OLEDs, and displays. Compared to indium tin oxide (ITO), AZO is relatively abundant, which accelerates the development of low-cost devices.

Aluminum zinc oxide has a work function of 4.92 – 5.13 eV, depending on the doping level of aluminum. A simple structured perovskite solar cells (Au/spiro-OMeTAD/Perovskite/AZO/glass) with AZO as an electron collecting layer achieves an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.94 V, a short-circuit current (Jsc) of 20.2 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.67, and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.6%. Aluminum zinc oxide can efficiently minimize interfacial recombination, leading to high PCE (27.2% in a lead free perovskite solar cell [ITO/ZnO/AZO/Cs2BiAgI6/V2O5/Au]).

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