Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (PTO), CAS number 14727-71-0, can be considered as oxidised pyrene with two six-membered cyclic 1,2-diketone units that are settled on each bay area of the biphenyl structure. It is a popular candidate engaged in synthesis of the covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and in lithium or sodium ion batteries as cathode (or anode) materials. In combination with carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes or graphene, pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone exhibits high theoretical specific capacity, high redox potential, and the high utility of active sites by forming polymers, immobilising with carbon nanomaterials, changing polarity to form salts, and optimizing electrolytes.

Poly(pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone) (PPTO) has been of great interest in battery research. Binary π-conjugated PPTO and carbon nanotubes composites (PPTO–CNTs) electrodes displayed a high discharge capacity of 360.2 mAh g−1, long cycling stability with a capacity retention of 95.1% after 1300 cycles, and high-rate capability of 194.5 mAh g−1 at 10.0 A g−1. Pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone based COF with 50 wt % of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite, PT-COF50, achieved a capacity of up to 280 mAh g–1 as normalized to the active COF material at a current density of 200 mA g–1. Furthermore, PT-COF50 exhibited excellent rate performance, delivering a capacity of 229 mAh g–1 at 5000 mA g–1 (18.5C).

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