Together with our ultra pure LiTFSi and sublimed Spiro-MeOTAD, 4-tert-Butylpyridine (also with high purity over 98.0%) is an ideal candidate for your perovskite solar cells research.

General Information

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CAS number	3978-81-2
Chemical formula	C9H13N
Molecular weight	135.21 g/mol
HOMO/LUMO	HOMO 5.9 eV, LUMO 2.4 eV
Synonyms	TBP, Pyridine 4-tert-butyl, t-BuPy, tBuPy
Classification / Family	Pyridine Derivatives, Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells (DSSC), OLEDs, Perovskite HTL Materials, Electrolyte materials.

Product Details

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Purity	> 98.0%
Boiling point	196-197 °C (lit.)
Density	0.923 g/mL at 25 °C
Colour	Light yellow clear liquid

Chemical Structure

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Chemical structure of 4-tert-Butylpyridine, CAS No.3978-81-2

Applications

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4-tert-Butylpyridine (TBP) is widely used as additive in electrolytes of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) and in hole transport layer materials (HTL) of polymer photovoltaics and perovskite solar cells.

Despite the high volatility and unpleasant smell, 4-tert-butylpyridine is usually added into HTM to suppress charge-recombination and further improve the properties of HTM and ensure the high efficiency perovskite solar cells. It has been demonstrated that the flexible and facile use of 4-tert-Butylpyridine can improve the crystallinity of perovskite, PCEs of CH3NH3PbI3-based PSCs were improved from 6.71% to 10.62% (i.e., 58% enhancement) [1].

By introduction of Li-TFSI/TBP additives in poly-3-hexylthiophene HTM for CH3NH3PbI3/P3HT perovskite mesoscopic solar cells, great enhancement of the device efficiency from 5.7% to 13.7% was achieved [2].

Device structure	CH3NH3PbI3-based planar PSCs without TBP* [1]	CH3NH3PbI3-based planar PSCs with TBP [1]
JSC (mA cm-2)	17.12	21.27
VOC (V)	0.92	0.96
FF (%)	43	52
PCE (best)	6.71	10.62

Device structure	FTO/bl-TiO2/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/ P3HT:LiTFSI/Au [2]	FTO/bl-TiO2/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/ P3HT:LiTFSI:TBP/Au [2]
JSC (mA cm-2)	15.5	20.1
VOC (V)	0.67	0.92
FF (%)	55	74
PCE (best)	5.7	13.7

*4-tert-Butylpyridine as an additive resulted in orientational and better crystallinity

Characterisation (NMR and HPLC)

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HPLC trace of 4-tert-Butylpyridine (TPB; CAS No. 3978-81-2)1H NMR of 4-tert-Butylpyridine (TPB) in CDCl3.